Data Processing & Integration. This section focuses on the flow and transformation of data throughout its lifecycle—from ingestion and cleaning to final delivery—playing a crucial role in turning raw data into usable insights. ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) is a traditional approach where data is extracted, transformed, and then loaded into storage.

 In contrast, ELT (Extract, Load, Transform) is a modern variation that first loads the data into storage and performs transformations afterward. Batch Processing handles data in large chunks at scheduled intervals, while Stream Processing enables real-time handling of data as it arrives, allowing for immediate insights.